MOTS-c
MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONQuick Specifications
| Vial Size | 10MG |
|---|---|
| BAC Water | 1ML |
| Amount Per Unit | 0.1MG PER UNIT |
| Recommended Dose | 5MG - 10MG (50 UNITS - 100 UNITS) |
| Frequency | 1 INJECTION EVERY 5 DAYS FOR 20 DAYS |
| Injection Type | SUBCUTANEOUS |
| Timing | 3x Annually - If Type 2 Diabetic 1mg EOD |
Research Overview
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c) is a 16-amino acid peptide uniquely encoded within the mitochondrial genome — one of the few known peptides not originating from nuclear DNA. This gives it a direct and fundamental relationship with mitochondrial metabolic state. Under metabolic stress, MOTS-c translocates from mitochondria to the cell nucleus, where it binds stress-response transcription factors NRF2 and ATF1 to reprogram cellular metabolism. Its primary signaling mechanism activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) — the same master metabolic switch triggered by intense exercise — which drives glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. In animal research: a 2021 Nature Communications study showed MOTS-c enhanced physical performance across age groups; a 2022 study showed a single dose improved running time by 12% and distance by 15%; a 2025 Nature study demonstrated MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet cell senescence, reducing diabetes progression. MOTS-c levels decline approximately 21% between ages 18–30 and ages 70–81. For research and educational purposes only.
How It Works
Mitochondrial-to-Nuclear Signaling
Under metabolic stress, MOTS-c translocates from mitochondria to the cell nucleus, where it binds stress-response transcription factors NRF2 and ATF1. This retrograde signaling allows mitochondria to directly communicate their metabolic state to the genome.
AMPK Activation
MOTS-c's primary signaling output is AMPK activation — the master metabolic switch triggered by low energy states like exercise or fasting. AMPK drives glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis, mimicking the cellular effects of intense exercise.
Pancreatic Protection
A 2025 Nature study demonstrated that MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet cell senescence — cellular aging that impairs insulin production. This finding positions MOTS-c as a potential target for diabetes prevention research, complementing its established metabolic roles.
Commonly Studied With
These peptides are frequently researched alongside MOTS-c: 10mg due to complementary mechanisms:
Research references
The following PubMed resources are provided for educational reference. External links open in a new tab.
MOTS-c: 10mg information on this page is for research and educational purposes only. This content is not FDA-approved, does not constitute medical advice, and should not be used to guide personal health decisions. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any research compound.
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Recommended dose: 5MG - 10MG (50 UNITS - 100 UNITS)